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<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Catarata</span></b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">A Catarata causa o emba&ccedil;amento da vis&atilde;o e &eacute; mais comum em idosos. O problema &eacute; resolvido por meio de cirurgia, que recupera a qualidade da vis&atilde;o.</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">O que &eacute; a Catarata?</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">Ao contr&aacute;rio da cren&ccedil;a popular, a Catarata n&atilde;o &eacute; uma &quot;pel&iacute;cula ou carne&quot; sobre o olho e sim a diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o da transpar&ecirc;ncia da lente natural do olho, chamada de cristalino. Com essa opacifica&ccedil;&atilde;o, as imagens perdem sua nitidez e qualidade. Trata-se da principal causa de cegueira trat&aacute;vel no mundo.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">Causas</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">A Catarata pode ser resultante de problemas gen&eacute;ticos, metab&oacute;licos, nutricionais e agress&otilde;es ambientais, como a exposi&ccedil;&atilde;o excessiva &agrave; luz solar. Pode ainda ser secund&aacute;ria a outras doen&ccedil;as. O fator de risco mais relevante &eacute;, por&eacute;m, a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">idade</i>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">Tipos</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Senil:</i> &eacute; o tipo mais comum e seu surgimento est&aacute; relacionado ao avan&ccedil;o da idade. A probabilidade de desenvolver a doen&ccedil;a aumenta aos 60 anos.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Cong&ecirc;nita:</i> manifesta-se na inf&acirc;ncia, podendo surgir do nascimento at&eacute; os 10 anos de idade.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Traum&aacute;tica:</i> relacionada a les&otilde;es oculares.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Secund&aacute;ria:</i> aparece em decorr&ecirc;ncia de outras doen&ccedil;as sist&ecirc;micas (o diabetes, por exemplo), oculares (o glaucoma, por exemplo) e do uso de alguns medicamentos, como os corticoides.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">Sintomas</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">Em seu est&aacute;gio inicial, a Catarata pode causar uma perda discreta da qualidade visual, alterando a vis&atilde;o das cores, que se apresentam mais desbotadas. Outro sintoma comum &eacute; a diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o da vis&atilde;o noturna, com ofuscamento na presen&ccedil;a de focos intensos de luz, como far&oacute;is de autom&oacute;veis. &Agrave; medida que a Catarata avan&ccedil;a, a vis&atilde;o vai ficando progressivamente mais turva e emba&ccedil;ada, prejudicando as atividades mais comuns tais como ler, caminhar, reconhecer as pessoas ou ver TV.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">Tratamento</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">A remo&ccedil;&atilde;o da Catarata se d&aacute; por procedimento cir&uacute;rgico. Esse &eacute; o &uacute;nico tratamento existente hoje. N&atilde;o h&aacute; medicamento, vitaminas, col&iacute;rios, &oacute;culos ou exerc&iacute;cios que a fa&ccedil;am desaparecer. A cirurgia de Catarata &eacute; um procedimento realizado em centro cir&uacute;rgico, sob o acompanhamento de anestesista, no qual o cirurgi&atilde;o remove o cristalino natural do olho e o substitui por uma lente intraocular artificial.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">Lente intraocular</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">Existem atualmente lentes compostas de materiais flex&iacute;veis e dobr&aacute;veis, que permitem sua coloca&ccedil;&atilde;o atrav&eacute;s de incis&otilde;es inferiores a 3 mm de largura. Tais materiais aumentam t&ecirc;m baixo potencial de provocar rea&ccedil;&otilde;es inflamat&oacute;rias e s&atilde;o respons&aacute;veis pela diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o de poss&iacute;veis complica&ccedil;&otilde;es p&oacute;s-operat&oacute;rias.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">Pacientes que buscam uma depend&ecirc;ncia menor dos &oacute;culos podem ser beneficiados com as chamadas <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Lentes Premium</i>, que corrigem a vis&atilde;o cansada para perto (Presbiopia) e o Astigmatismo.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">Antes da cirurgia</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">Para se submeter &agrave; cirurgia da Catarata s&atilde;o necess&aacute;rios os seguintes exames:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">- Ecobiometria</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">- Microscopia especular</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">- Topografia de c&oacute;rnea</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">- Risco cir&uacute;rgico</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">Ap&oacute;s a cirurgia</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">Alguns cuidados devem ser tomados pelo paciente operado, a fim de garantir a recupera&ccedil;&atilde;o adequada, isso inclui, entre outros, n&atilde;o co&ccedil;ar o olho operado, n&atilde;o fazer esfor&ccedil;o f&iacute;sico e evitar ambientes polu&iacute;dos.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">S&atilde;o necess&aacute;rios &oacute;culos ap&oacute;s a cirurgia?</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">Isso varia de acordo com cada caso. Dependendo da lente intraocular implantada, esta ir&aacute; corrigir parte do grau do paciente. Assim, alguns deles passam a n&atilde;o precisar de &oacute;culos para muitas de suas atividades cotidianas. Normalmente, &oacute;culos de leitura s&atilde;o necess&aacute;rios para letras pequenas.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">A Catarata pode voltar?</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify" class="MsoNoSpacing">A Catarata n&atilde;o volta. Mas, em aproximadamente 25% dos pacientes que se submetem &agrave; cirurgia, ocorre um borramento suave da vis&atilde;o (&ldquo;sujeira atr&aacute;s da lente&rdquo;). &Eacute; a chamada &ldquo;Catarata Secund&aacute;ria&rdquo;. Isso pode ocorrer a qualquer momento, mas &eacute; mais frequente entre tr&ecirc;s meses e cinco anos ap&oacute;s a cirurgia. O tratamento &eacute; r&aacute;pido e feito com laser.</p>