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            150%"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Apenas 20% das esp&eacute;cies de   Squamata s&atilde;o viv&iacute;paras. Apesar disso, a viviparidade surgiu mais de cem vezes   independentemente ao longo da hist&oacute;ria evolutiva do grupo. O modelo mais   aceito para a evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o da viviparidade prop&otilde;e que ela resulta de aumentos   graduais na dura&ccedil;&atilde;o da reten&ccedil;&atilde;o de ovos, redu&ccedil;&atilde;o da casca do ovo, aumentos da   atividade do corpo l&uacute;teo, da vasculariza&ccedil;&atilde;o uterina e das membranas extraembrion&aacute;rias.   Esse processo seria concomitante &agrave; evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o de uma placenta&ccedil;&atilde;o incipiente, na   qual os embri&otilde;es s&atilde;o nutridos majoritariamente por vitelo. Estudos   comparativos e experimentais fornecem evid&ecirc;ncias de que baixas temperaturas   s&atilde;o a principal press&atilde;o seletiva atuando nessa evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o. No entanto, muitos   detalhes hist&oacute;ricos dessa transi&ccedil;&atilde;o n&atilde;o s&atilde;o ainda bem estabelecidos e   diversos pontos permanecem ainda controversos.</span></span></p>
            <p style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
            0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:
            150%"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Atualmente temos estudado a   evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o da viviparidade nas serpentes aqu&aacute;ticas do g&ecirc;nero <em>Helicops</em>, um t&aacute;xon   que apresenta esp&eacute;cies ov&iacute;paras e viv&iacute;paras, e que oferece uma oportunidade   &uacute;nica em serpentes neotropicais para se testar a validade das hip&oacute;teses acima   em esp&eacute;cies estreitamente relacionadas.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><img width="315" vspace="15" hspace="16" height="194" align="right" alt="" src="/sites/0c/0c0917f295ff6dbc0792b7d7460120bd/attachments/Image/Fotos_linha_de_pesquisa/Hleopardinus.jpg" /></span></span></p>
            <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Temos trabalhado com <em>Helicops</em>   sob ponto de vista morfol&oacute;gico (abordando aspectos macro e microsc&oacute;picos das   estruturas envolvidas como a espessura da casca do ovo, morfologia e   vasculariza&ccedil;&atilde;o uterina) e ecol&oacute;gico (vari&aacute;veis ecol&oacute;gicas e ambientais   prov&aacute;veis de atuar como agentes seletivos nessa evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o). Assim, visamos   compreender os padr&otilde;es e os processos hist&oacute;ricos envolvidos nessa transi&ccedil;&atilde;o,   bem como testar os cen&aacute;rios evolutivos dispon&iacute;veis.<br />
            </span></span></p>
            <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
            </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><em>Helicops leopardinus</em> - Esp&eacute;cie viv&iacute;para</span></span></span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
            </span></span></p>
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<h1><br />
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="background:#D9D9D9;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;">
    <tbody>
        <tr style="height:1.0cm">
            <td width="688" style="width:515.75pt;border:double #D9D9D9 5.25pt;border-bottom:double #D9D9D9 2.25pt;background:white;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
            height:1.0cm">
            <div style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
            normal"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:&quot;Maiandra GD&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;font-variant:small-caps;color:#C00000">Custos reprodutivos</span></b></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="height:13.9pt">
            <td width="688" valign="top" style="width:515.75pt;border:double #D9D9D9 5.25pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;
            padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:13.9pt">
            <p style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
            0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:
            150%"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">A reprodu&ccedil;&atilde;o envolve custos e   benef&iacute;cios que possibilitam o valor adaptativo de um organismo. Os benef&iacute;cios   s&atilde;o &oacute;bvios: a produ&ccedil;&atilde;o da prole. No entanto, os custos podem direcionar a   evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o das estrat&eacute;gias reprodutivas. Modelos te&oacute;ricos de evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o de   hist&oacute;ria natural contam com a exist&ecirc;ncia de uma rela&ccedil;&atilde;o hipot&eacute;tica de   &ldquo;custo-benef&iacute;cio&rdquo; entre os gastos exigidos com o evento reprodutivo atual e o   sucesso reprodutivo futuro. Os riscos e a energia associados &agrave; reprodu&ccedil;&atilde;o podem   fornecer efeitos negativos em um organismo na sua habilidade reprodutiva   futura, essa influ&ecirc;ncia negativa tem sido descrita e denominada na literatura   como &ldquo;custo reprodutivo&rdquo;.</span></span></p>
            <p style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
            0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:
            150%"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Os custos reprodutivos   dividem-se em duas categorias: (1) custos associados &agrave; sobreviv&ecirc;ncia (aqueles   que interferem na probabilidade de sobreviv&ecirc;ncia de organismos reprodutivos)   e (2) custos associados &agrave; fecundidade, que influenciam a energia dispon&iacute;vel   para o futuro evento reprodutivo de um organismo e s&atilde;o fundamentais para   manuten&ccedil;&atilde;o do metabolismo reprodutivo.</span></span> <img width="337" vspace="10" hspace="15" height="198" align="left" src="/sites/0c/0c0917f295ff6dbc0792b7d7460120bd/attachments/Image/Fotos_linha_de_pesquisa/Combate_Cascavel.jpg" alt="" /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Entretanto, a literatura   herpetol&oacute;gica ainda &eacute; escassa de trabalhos que relacionam os custos   reprodutivos em Squamata neotropicais, fazendo-se necess&aacute;rio a investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o   desse t&oacute;pico estrategicamente relevante, pois fornecem explica&ccedil;&otilde;es evolutivas   para a grande diversidade de padr&otilde;es reprodutivos encontradas nos organismos,   bem como o entendimento das necessidades energ&eacute;ticas de serpentes em   cativeiro, para ent&atilde;o agregar subs&iacute;dios consistentes que visam &agrave; conserva&ccedil;&atilde;o   e manuten&ccedil;&atilde;o ex-situ e in-situ de esp&eacute;cies amea&ccedil;adas ou carentes de   informa&ccedil;&otilde;es acerca da sua hist&oacute;ria natural.<br />
            <br />
            <br />
            </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Combate entre machos de </span></span><em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Crotalus durissus</span></span></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> durante &eacute;poca de acasalamento.</span></span></span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">             </span></span></p>
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<h1>&nbsp;</h1>
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="background:#D9D9D9;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;">
    <tbody>
        <tr style="height:1.0cm">
            <td width="688" style="width:515.75pt;border:double #D9D9D9 5.25pt;border-bottom:double #D9D9D9 2.25pt;background:white;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
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            <div style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
            normal"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:&quot;Maiandra GD&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;font-variant:small-caps;color:#C00000">Avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o ultrassonogr&aacute;fica dos ciclos reprodutivos<br />
            </span></b></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="height:13.9pt">
            <td width="688" valign="top" style="width:515.75pt;border:double #D9D9D9 5.25pt;border-top:none;background:#F2F2F2;
            padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:13.9pt">
            <p style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
            0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:
            150%">&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">A ultrassonografia &eacute; um m&eacute;todo que permite acessar diversas informa&ccedil;&otilde;es   sobre os eventos reprodutivos de serpentes, principalmente   devido &agrave; dificuldade de preserva&ccedil;&atilde;o de esp&eacute;cimes de grande porte em cole&ccedil;&otilde;es zool&oacute;gicas   (e.g. <i>Eunectes</i>) ou de serpentes   amea&ccedil;adas de extin&ccedil;&atilde;o (e.g.<i> Bothrops   insularis</i>). Al&eacute;m disso, a ultrassonografia permite que esses dados sejam   coletados ou monitorados no campo ou em laborat&oacute;rio.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> Como   o exame f&iacute;sico &eacute; limitado para os r&eacute;pteis, torna-se complicado o processo   semiol&oacute;gico dos &oacute;rg&atilde;os internos. <br />
            </span></span><img hspace="5" border="5" align="right" alt="" style="width: 287px; height: 242px;" src="/sites/0c/0c0917f295ff6dbc0792b7d7460120bd/attachments/Image/Fotos_linha_de_pesquisa/Ultrassom.png" /><br />
            <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">A ultrassonografia &eacute; o m&eacute;todo mais f&aacute;cil de   acessar os &oacute;rg&atilde;os (visualizando tamanho, localiza&ccedil;&atilde;o e arquitetura, sobre o   ponto </span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">de vista anat&ocirc;mico), principalmente do sistema reprodutivo. O uso da   ultrassonografia permite maior visibilidade causando m&iacute;nimos inc&ocirc;modos aos   animais por n&atilde;o ser um procedimento invasivo. </span></span><br />
            <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
            Atualmente,   temos utilizado a t&eacute;cnica ultrassonogr&aacute;fica como ferramenta para a pesquisa   em reprodu&ccedil;&atilde;o, bem como para o acompanhamento das principais etapas do ciclo   reprodutivo de diversas esp&eacute;cies como, por exemplo, sucuris, p&iacute;tons e a   jararaca-ilhoa.</span></span></p>
            <p style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
            </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Imagem ultrassonogr&aacute;fica de fol&iacute;culos vitelog&ecirc;nicos em f&ecirc;mea de sucuri<em> </em>(<em>Eunectes murinus</em>)</span></span></span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Century Gothic&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
            </span></span></p>
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